In addition, statues were made of various gods and goddesses for religious purposes, and pottery was painted with numerous designs. Mention important places from where relics of civilization have been recovered so far. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour. P r a a a p h v l d i h r a o a i r g h a r k i a h r indus valley sites dholavira, harappa, mohenjodaro, lothal, rakhigarhi answers. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. Personal essay for ivy league maa essay in hindi for class 10 civilization features indus salient valley of essay on, discussion essay introduction example. The drainage system of the indus valley civilization was far advanced. Unlike many other ancient civilizations, the indus river valley civilization had no monumental sculptures of any kind. Town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. The salient features of the indus valley civilization history.
The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the. According to the forms of art excavated from this valley, it can be easily deciphered that the people of this civilization were great lovers of the fine arts especially of dancing, painting, and creating sculptures. However, the indus valley civilisation did not disappear suddenly, and many elements of the. These, along with dholavira, are called the nucleus cities of the civilization. Distinction between indus civilization and vedic civilization. These invaders were considered as highly intellectual people who gave the world a new. Difference between indus valley civilization and vedic civilization are as follows. Hence, it was called the indus valley civilization. The continuity of the indus civilization into later ages was not confined to the religious and spiritual fields alone. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei. The indus valley civilization occupies a huge area.
There was much more focus on small scale sculptures of living things, such as animals and humans. Short essay on the townplanning of harappan civilization. Free general studies guidance programme for cse 2019. Difference between indus valley civilization and vedic.
Read and learn for free about the following article. The indus civilization was spread across the indus valley river sindhu. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. Ielts essay connecting words example of narrative essays pdf financial need for scholarships essays examples finding meaning of life essay analysis. Vedic civilization was cultivated by aryan people who being originated from an european stock invaded the autochthons of india, the creator of indus valley civilization in the indogangetic plain. Prehistory and indus valley 5 and brahmaputra because raw material may not be available in these plains to make tools. Typically, the age of aryans is known as the vedic age because. Many palaeolithic tool assemblages were found around tapti, godavari, bhima and krishna rivers. Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. One of the important aspects of the harappan civilization is its apparent. The following are the main features of the harappan civilization. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india.
Main features harappan civilization indus valley civilization history 9 ssc upsc exams one of the oldest civilization of the world indus valley civ. Although her feet are broken, her remaining bent leg still speaks of the free. Salient features of indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization or harappan civilization marked the start of cities planned for living. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. Harappa was the first site of this civilization to be discovered.
The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of. Farther south, along the main stem of the indus in sind province, the largely undisturbed. Writing started to disappear, standardized weights and measures used for trade and taxation purposes fell out of use, the connection with the near east was interrupted, and some cities were gradually abandoned. The cities of that period flourished mainly in the valley of the river indus. This post is a compilation of our most viewed notes on indian history, which we think our readers should not miss. Harappa, the first discovered site of this civilization was on bank of river ravi, while mohenjodaro was on banks of indus river. Give an appraisal of town planning of the indus cities and evaluate the various reasons for their decline. Again the main residential mound is to the east, but the excavated public build. A remarkable feature of the rediscovering harappa special exhibition is that it has.
The salient features of the indus valley civilization. The discovery of harappa is credited to dayaram sahni, madho sarup vats and marshall in 1921. Check indian history notes category, if you want to read the complete archives. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Indus valley civilisation read this article to learn about the origin, evolution, and characteristic of the indus valley civilisation. The raw material used for making tools was mainly quartzite and chert but quartz and basalt was also used. The gandhara civilization existed in what is now northern pakistan and afghanistan from the middle of the 1st millennium bce to the beginning of the 2nd millennium ce. What were the important features of the harappa civilization. However, one can see the various elements of the ancient indus valley civilization in later cultures. It should be noted here that after the decline of indus valley civilization by 1500 bce, the next wave of civilization began to take shape in form of aryan occupation of indogangetic plain. By 1800 bce, the indus valley civilization saw the beginning of their decline. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc.
Salient features of the civilization bengalstudents. What are the important chapters to cover from rs sharmas. Important points to remember in indus valley civilization for prelims. Evidence had suggested that people followed a proper grid pattern. The indus valley civilization prospered around 4700 years ago. Indus valley civilization extended from sutkagendor on the makran coast about 500 km west to karachi now in pakisan to alamgirpur on the hindon, near delhi and from manda in jammu to daimabad in maharashtra. Discuss the trade, cultural contacts and the extents of the indus civilization within and outside india and describe in detail any one of the indus sites within india. Harappa and mohenjodaro are 500 kms apart from each other. Candidates can download the history study material pdf from the below links. The great bath is one of the wellknown structures among the ruins of the ancient indus valley civilization at mohenjodaro in sindh, pakistan. The street drains had manholes at regular intervals. According to wikipedia, evidence of stone age human inhabitants of ghandhara, including stone tools and burnt bones, was discovered at sanghao near mardan in area caves. Socio, cultural contribution of mauryas, guptas, pallavas, chalukyas, cholas art and architecture harsha and the rajput age. Below principal streets and many lanes ran a main drain, 1 to 2 ft deep, covered with bricks or stones, and provided with sumps and inspection traps at.
Here we give the ancient history study materials in the pdf format also. Indus river valley civilizations article khan academy. Excavations have been carried out at lothal gujarat in 1953 and a link has been established with the indus valley. After the decline of indus civilization, a new civilization grew which was dominated by the aryans and came to be known as the vedic civilization. Indus valley civilization was on the bank of river indus. Sculpture of indus valley civilisation is considered to be a golden chapter as the beginning of indian art and sculpture in 3000 b. The indus or harappan culture arose in the northwestern part of the indian subcontinent. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. Cover it from r s sharma and new ncert themes in indian history. The history and culture has an important role in both upsc civil services preliminary exam and the main examination. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised. This superb catalogue is available below as a free pdf.
Salient features and major landmarks of ancient and. The elaborate drainage system is a unique feature of the indus valley civilization, the like of which has not yet been found in any other city of the same antiquity. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Gandhara civilization ancient history encyclopedia. Hence, this is also called the harappan civilization.
The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of. Though the marks and ruins of gandhara civilization can be found throughout in northern pakistan, its heritage has been saved more in true form in taxila, peshawar and swat valley. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. Discuss salient features of the indus valley civilization. Readers can download each of the notes as pdf for free using the print pdf option.
The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. The most prevalent name is inuds civilization the largest concentration of settlementalong the indus river valley. The ruins of a prehistoric civilization have been discovered at mohenjodaro sindh and harappa and, as the places lie in the valley of the river indus, it has been christened indus valley civilization. Although multiple major powers ruled over this area during that time, they all had in common great reverence for buddhism and the adoption of the indo greek artistic tradition which had developed in the region following. Essay on salient features of indus valley civilization.